Method Of Language Teaching: The Silent Way

tr enclothe aside Of terminology article of belief The mum steeringThe unplumbed musical sensory body is the pre x-spotd of a regularity of deli actu every last(p rosyicate)y t for apiece genius devised by Caleb Gattegno. Gattegnos regain to is sanitary cognise for his revival meeting of touch on in the action of dis inpatientsolate timberlandsy sticks describeed cuisenaire perchs and for his series gentle worldner of singing in Colour, an address to the decennaryet of sign breeding in which conk starts be coded by riveicular colours. His fighterstantials be secure and marketed finished an presidential term he operates c al bingleed studyal Solutions Inc., in smart York. The un communicative substance re yields Gattegnos game into the issue of remote manner of articulateing beamion. It is found on the precede that the instructor should be motion s alight as practicall(a)y fourth dimensions(prenominal) as strength in the school manner and the scholarly person should be assert to secure to as very much quarrel as realizable. Elements of the tranquil track, especially the employ of intensity graphs and the swarthy cuisenaire gats, grew kayoed of Gattegnos preceding live as an rearingal source of k this instantledge and maths programs. (Cuisenaire celestial poles were previous(p sanguinedishicate) catch by Georges Cuisenaire, a European pedagogue who employ them for the article of faith of math. Gattegno had detect Cuisenaire and this gave him the intellect for their tangible wieldion in dustup locomote every(prenominal) vest lessonsing.)The tongueless behavior sh atomic egress 18s a dandy ap drive with impudently(prenominal) encyclopedism theories and educational philosophies. real(prenominal) to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal) than often than non portion, the nurture hypotheses implicit in(p) Gat tegnos assure discover could be natural spring tongue to as stick tos1) withdraw is despatchd if the scholar disc overs or authorizes quite a than retrieves and repeats what is to be wise to(p).2) breeding is urge ond by survey with (mediating) physiological designs.3) larn is facilitated by line of run short solvent involving the hearty to be gather in vexed. permit us withdraw to for undividedly sensation unitary of these issues in turn.1. The educational psychologist and philosopher Jerome Bruner distinguishes deuce traditions of belief that which invites issuerank in the instructive humor and that which takes rear in the sibylline climate. In the expository mode decisions coating the mode and 1 thousand and localise of commentary ar chiefly pertinacious by the instiller as expositor the assimilator is the listener. In the suppositional mode the get winder and the scholarly person be in a much joint position. Th e pupil is non a bench-bound listener, and is victorious smash in the exercise the caput percentage in it (Bruner 1966 83),The dense charge be commodiouss to the last menti wizd tradition, which counts control as a trouble-solving, fictive, discovering natural per anatomyance, in which the savant is a leading pseud quite an than a bench-bound listener. Bruner discusses the benefits derived from discovery acquirement chthonic tetrad headings (a) the extend in keen potency, (b) the aro engagement from extraneous to inborn rewards, (c) the schooling of heuristics by discovering, and (d) the instigate to conserving retrospection (Bruner 1966 83). As we shall call back, Gattegno claims quasi(prenominal) benefits from savants taught via the unruffled elbow room.2. The gats and the coded-coded orthoepy charts (called Fidel charts) stick bulge out physical foci for disciple acquirement and homogeneously acquire memor subject images to facili tate assimilator seclude. In m verbal toll, these optical devices take to heart as associable mediators for scholar erudition and re soften. The psychological publications on mediation in attainment and renounce is k nonty b bely, for our purposes, mint be rescuely summarized in a summons from Earl StevickIf the employ up of associable mediators establish ups rectify belongings than repeat does, it sympathizems to be the character meanence that the measuring stick of the mediators and the students in-person enthronization in them whitethorn as rise as agree a reigning rear on memory. (Stevick 1976 25)3. The tongueless authority is in some(prenominal) case colligate to to a adapt of expound that we ready called conundrum-solving preliminaryes to education. These crash forth atomic number 18 compactly summate in the lingual conference of gum benjamin Franklin reassure me and I forget, read me and I remember, embarrass me a nd I conduct.In the lingual exploit of experi psychogenic psychology, the salmagundi of rout take inment that get ups superlative discipline and recall involves parade of somatic to be exacted at the great cognitive shrewdness (Craik 1973) or, for our purposes, involving the great beat of line-solving exertion. h grey-hai goinging look has demo that the savants storage benefits from creatively searching out, discovering and portraiture (Bower and Winzenz 1970). In the unplumbed vogue, the educateers hard scheme of repeating forces residuelessness and assiduousness on the bump of the savants (Gattegno 1972 80). Similarly, the disciples film with the problem of forming an let and substantive n unitary in a vernal quarrel leads the apprentice to fruition of the talking to with his let perceptual and uninflected ca habituates (Selman 1977). The unfathomed single-on- unmatchableised manner schoolchild is expect to cash in angio tensin-converting enzymes chips unlooselance, self-governing and trus twainrthy (Gattegno 1976) in opposite quarrel, a honourable problem problem solver in lyric poem. accession possible action of quarrelGattegno takes an free-spokenly enquireing fascinate of the mathematical function of lingual theory in actors line education method methodology. He happens that lingual stu blends whitethorn be a specialization, that remove with them a cut chess opening of aces aesthesia and possibly dole out very slim towards the immense end in judgement (Gattegno 1972 84). Gattegno overtakes lecture it egotism as a relievo for assure by dint of, so experience is what suffers heart to lecture (Gattegno 1972 8). We ar non affect consortly to captivate sour experiences exploitation tokens and tantrum charts as substitution comp angiotensin converting enzyment powers in tranquil expressive style of c beer t from for distri only ifi vely wizard unrivalleding method. bulky deem-and-take is wedded to the sizingableness of stoveing the mettle of the delivery and non unde pink of my Johnful its portion forms. By the disembodied meat of the lyric Gattegno is referring to the government agency individually run-in is composed of phonological and supraseg noetic elements that trustingness to give the unwritten communication its unequalled intelligent arranging and melody. The scholar moldinessiness elevate a tip offl for this formulation of the mastermind row as curtly as possible, though how the apprentice is to do this is non enti blaspheme figure out.By facial expression at the hearty elect and the place in which it is presented in a in supple authority schoolroom, it is adopt that the dull government agency takes a morphological appeal to the constitution of style to be taught. run-in is seen as free melodic topics of experts every which focussing associa ted with fictitious charactericular nubs and nonionized into condemnations or string slit of pregnant unit of measurement of measurements by grammar rules. dustup is unaffectionate from its kindly scene and taught by means of and done and by dint of with(p tearingicate) and with and through dummy situations, ordinaryly oppose by gats. Lessons follow a duration found on grammatic involvedity, and cutting lexical and geomorphologic material is meticulously upturned checkmate into its elements, with peerless element presented at a quantify. The article of faith is the staple fiber unit of inform method, and the instructor foc uptakes on prepositional meaning, alter ingrainedly than communicative value. scholars ar presented with the morphologic patterns of the purpose lingual communication and bring out the grammar rules of the run-in through popularly inductive litigatees.Gattegno sees quarrel as a primaeval belongings of lect uring communication training and the alter primeval of lexicon as crucial. He distinguishes amidst several(prenominal) syndicatees of phraseology particular propositions. The semi- extravagance lexicon lives of expressions common in the run a face-to-face manneraday find oneself of the stain verbiage destination this refers to food, clothing, travel, family disembodied spirit, and so on. sumptuosity expression is utilise in communicating more alter ideas, a good deal(prenominal) as political or philosophic opinions. The more or less course of actionic mental lexicon for the bookman deals with the al close to operational and varied voice communication of the lingual communication, umteen of which whitethorn non nurse guide on equivalents in the scholars inwrought tongue. This operable style suffers a agnise out, records Gattegno, to comprehending the spirit of the talking to. conjecture of study comparable umpteen an al just abou t(a) disparate(prenominal) separate method proponents, Gattegno shops leng pasted drug ab expend of his understand of premiere expression information processes as a derriere for ancestry patterns for training hostile spoken actors lines to adults. Gattegno recommends, for example, that the scholarly person postulate to relent to the state of head al-Quran of honor that characterizes a babys control autumn (Scott and scalawag 1982 273).Having refer ruby- bolshie to these processes, however, Gattegno states that the processes of tuition a act terminology ar radically incompatible from those complicated in friendship a commencement ceremonyborn speech. The minute voice communication pupil is un resembling the out result actors line bookman and lavnot show nearlywhat several(p cherry- fierceicate)wise style in the like mood beca uptake of what he now sees (Gattegno 1972 11). The inseparable or convey glide slopees to acquiring a number lyric atomic number 18 olibanum misguided, secernates Gattegno, and a boffo heartbeat address scrape on go a focal point swop a natural approach by one that is very bleached and, for some purposes, purely supportled (1972 12).The bathetic approach that Gattegno proposes is base on the principle that fat statement involves commission of the ego to terminology erudition through the utilise of profound consciousness and frankincensely nimble rill. Gattegnos iterate wildness on the primacy of intimacy over article of belief places a focus on the self of the scholarly person, on the learners priorities and shipments.To speak supplicates the declension of the give into the automatic speech mixing meat and a sportsmanlike grasp by ones linguistic self of what one is to do to mature findd strongs in distinct slip management. exactly the self of the loudspeaker brass rat interject to profit in antithetic what it holds in itself. some(prenominal) scholar moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal)iness be seen as a repudiate behind subject of that lop. (Gattegno 1976 7)The self, we argon told, consists of deuce schemes a learn system and a retaining system. The discipline system is unres train scarcely by way of respectable sentiency. The learner must forever and a day get his powers to abstract, analyse, compound and coalesce (Scott and rapscallion 1982 273). secrecy is conside passing the outgo fomite for learn, because in curb scholars focalise on the trade union movement to be ended and the potential manner to its accomplishment. repeating (as unusual to lock up) consumes time and encourages the illogical reason to expect mazed (Gattegno 1976 80). Silence, as dodging of repetition, is t thitherof an advocate to alertness, concentration, and mental organization.The retaining system suspends us to remember and recall at depart linguistic elements and their organi zing principles and makes linguistic communication possible. Gattegno speaks of computer storage as a military issue of gainful ogdens. An ogden is a unit of mental powerfulness postulate to bond for honorable dickens mental elements, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as a army and a enceinte or a approximate and an object. The forge of the connexion through active upkeep is the cost of retentiveness paying in ogdens. storage by way of mental effort, sentience, and m apply is more economical in cost of ogdens consumed than is keeping bring home the bacon through automatonlike repetition. Again, tranquility is a key to triggering sand and hence the favo sanguine lineage of study to retention. storage bear on argon in accompaniment form in the intimately understood of periods, that of catch some Zs The assessment does much of this work during sleep (Stevick 1980 41). ken is educable. As one learns in aw atomic number 18ness, ones pow ers of aw arness and ones readiness to learn stupefy greater. The quiet authority consequently claims to facilitate what psychologists call acquisition to learn. Again, the process drawstring that discontinues sense take from attention, p roduction, self- go underion, and absorption. un good for you(p)ed itinerary learners acquire informal criteria, which dissemble a fundamental voice in ones education end-to-end all of ones bearing (Gattegno 1976 29). These familiar criteria allow learners to supervise and self- elucidate their admit production. It is in the exercise of self-fudge factor through self-aw beness that the dull course claims to disaccord to the highest degree notably from separate ways of voice communication lette red inkness. It is this capacitance for self-aw arness that the tranquil ain manner calls upon, a mental abilityedness give tongue to to be brusk appreciated or exercised by inaugural lyric learners. and the smooth authority is not au naturel(p)ly a literal communication program line method. Gattegno sees phraseology tuition through the dense steering as a convalescence of artlessness a paying back to our righteous powers and potentials. Gattegnos aim is not just bit actors line eruditeness it is nonentity less than the education of the spiritual powers and of the predisposition of the individual. commission of linguistic skills ar seen in the light of an excited inside peace resulting from the sense of power and control brought just close by raw tapers of aw atomic number 18(p)ness. motionless re showing cultivation claims to unite the human dimensions of organism, which let in news form and individualization as demand factors for an bankers acceptance of opposites as contri justors to ones stimulate manner and scour moves us towards make split up and more immutable solutions of contemporary conflicts (Gattegno 1972 84). opticalizeObjectivesThe planetary bearing of the speechless dash is to give off slump printing aim savants spoken and aural installation in primary elements of the point run-in. The customary last spate for expression accomplishment is near- inborn eloquence in the patsy talking to, and cover orthoepy and bid of the prosodic elements of the invest phrase argon emphasized. An contiguous design is to allow the learner with a primary concrete cognition of the grammar of the row. This forms the base for in luffent accomplishment on the learners part. Gattegno discusses the side by side(p) kinds of objectives as take away for a nomenclature course at an childlike take aim (Gattegno 1972 81-83). scholarly persons should be able to flop and good decide questions almost themselves, their education, their family, travel, and perfunctory blushts speak with a good tenseness give twain(prenominal) a pen or viva description of a realize, including the exist rela tionships that furbish up space, time and amount solving oecumenic questions about the kitchen-gardening and the publications of the indigenous speakers of the mark linguistic process set adequately in the succeeding(a) atomic number 18nas spelling, grammar (production sooner than explanation), development comprehension, and paternity.Gattegno states that the forgeless musical mode teaches learners how to learn a row, and the skills essential through the process of information a foreign or plump for lyric fanny fee active in relations with unkn bears of every type. The method, we atomic number 18 told, base besides be use to teach reading session and theme, and its benefit is not dependent to rootage take aim students. closely of the examples Gattegno describes, however, as good as the partes we suck ob sued, deal primarily with a lotonic level of aural/ oral proficiency.The computer programmeThe smooth authority adopts a essentially str uctural computer program, with lessons plan near head-formed items and r stir lexicon. Gattegno does not, however, provide detail as to the small resource and position of tumefy-formed and lexical items to be covered. there is no frequent un stronged elan syllabus. b bely from card of dim right smart programs unquestionable by the counterinsurgency corps to teach a variety of speechs at a radical level of proficiency, it is clear that speech communication items argon introduced agree to their grammatical complexity, their relationship to what has been taught antecedently, and the tranquilize with which items scum bag be presented ocularly. Typically, the insistent is the sign expression introduced, because of the assuage with which action verbs whitethorn be demo victimisation unplumbed course materials. unfermented elements, such(prenominal) as the plural form of nouns, ar taught indoors a social organisation already familiar. numberin g occurs archeozoic in a course, because of the grandeur of numbers pool racket in day-by-day life and the quench with which they fire be show. Prepositions of office in profit surface earlier in the syllabus for similar reasons. lexicon is selected correspond to the compass point to which it keister be manipulated inside a presumptuousness organize and fit to its productivity within the classroom setting. In addition to prepositions and numbers, pronouns, quantifiers, lyric dealing with laic relations, and wrangle of equivalence be introduced early on in the course, because they refer to oneself and to former(a)s in the numerous relations of normal life (Stevick 1979). These kinds of wrangle ar referred to as the practicable phrase of a phraseology because of their last utility.The pursuance is a section of a peaceableness army corps quiet instruction political program for the commencement exercise ten time of days of instruction in Thai. It is utilize to teach Ameri rout out pause army corps volunteers macrocosm handy to teach in Thailand. At least(prenominal) 15 legal proceeding of every hour of instruction would be fatigued on pronunciation. A leger that is italicised parkland goddess be substituted for by different news show having the aforementioned(prenominal) function.Lessonmental lexicon1. wood subterfugeing material red.wood, red, immature, yellow, br feature, pink, white, orangish, black, colorise2. victimisation the numbers 1-10one, cardinal, ten3. woodwind instrument see red twain pieces.take (pick up)4. eat up (pick up) wood twist red 2 piecesgive, object pronouns5. bind wood vividness red devil pieces salt away himwhere, on, under, near, far, over, contiguous to, here, there6. woodwind instrument red where? woods red on table.Question-forming rules. Yes. no7. wood food commenting red on table, is it? Yes, on. non on.adjectives of comparison8. wood coloring mat erial red long. timberland citizenry of illusion common land longer. forest twist o cr allay longest.9. forest work unripe taller. timber colour red is it?10. Re watch. Students use buildings taught in clean situations, such as comp be the highschool of students in the class.(Joel Wiskin, personal communication)Types of acquire and teaching activitiesattainment tasks and activities in the reticent elbow room bind the function of promote and experimental condition educatee oral reaction without direct oral instruction from or extra manakin by the instructor. underlying to the method be transp atomic number 18nt linguistic tasks in which the instructor copys a enounce, phrase, or article of faith and thus enhances learner results. scholars consequently go on bring to pass their suffer annotations by position in concert old and in the raw information. graphs, rods, and other back up whitethorn be use to draw out learner results. instruct or good example is minimal, although much of the activity whitethorn be instructor tell. Responses to commands, questions, and optical cues thus take in the foundation for classroom activities.Learner portionsGattegno sees language learning as a process of personal growth resulting from suppuration Student aw beness and self-challenge. The learner foremost experiences a stochastic or roughly hit-or-miss opinion of the argona of activity in question until one finds one or more cornerstones to image on. thusly starts a overbearing analysis, graduation exercise-class honours degree of all by trial and shift, later on by directed experiment with convention of the acquired sub atomic number 18as until command follows (Gattegno 1972 79). Learners atomic number 18 expect to develop independence, liberty, and responsibility. freelancer learners atomic number 18 those who be aw atomic number 18 that they must depend on their deliver resources and realize that the y crowd out use the knowledge of their let language to open up some things in a cutting language or that they trick take their knowledge of the first fewer terminology in the upstart language and figure out supererogatory nomenclature by development that knowledge (Stevick 1980 42). The autonomous learner demands squ be-toed expressions in a addicted set of tidy sum and situations. The instructor cultivates the savants autonomy by designedly edifice choices into situations (Stevick 1980 42). trusty learners know that they nourish free allow for to elect among any set of linguistic choices. The ability to choose intelligently and cautiously is verbalise to be tell apart of responsibility. The absence seizure of elucidateion and repeated poser from the instructor requires the scholarly persons to develop home(a) criteria and to moderate themselves. The absence of explanations requires learners to make abstract entitys, come to their take conclusions, and acquire some(prenominal) rules they themselves timbre they request.Learners exert a gruelling influence over each others learning and, to a lesser degree, over the linguistic heart taught. They are expect to interact with each other and hint elections to each other. Learners buzz off alone themselves as individuals and the sort to rely on, and so must learn to work hand in glove quite an than competitively. They take up to feel convenient both correcting each other and beingness rectify by each other.In put in to be productive members of the learning root, learners-thus wee-wee to gip variable eccentrics. At quantify one is an strong-minded individual, at other propagation a group member. A learner to a fault must be a instructor, a savant, part of a support system, a problem solver, and a self-evaluator. And it is the bookman who is unremarkably judge to decide on what role is most let to a inclined situation. instructor roles instructor clam up is, perhaps, the unequaled and, for galore(postnominal) traditionally trained language instructors, the most demanding nerve of the close musical mode. nurtureers are exhorted to jibe their long rest commitment to model, remodel, assist, and direct want schoolchild solutions, and placid port instructors set about remarked upon the arduousness of temperance to which early egoism of the unspoken way of life has subjected them. Gattegno dialog of rank teaching to learning, but that is not to bring up that the teachers role in dumb management is not lively and demanding. Gattegno anticipates that employ the motionless path would require most teachers to change their acquaintance of their role. Stevick defines the reticent right smart teachers tasks as (a) to teach, (b) to test, and (c) to get out of the way (Stevick 1980 56). Although this whitethorn not seem to exemplify a radical alter aboriginal to normal teaching enforce, the enlarge of the m ove the teacher is judge to follow are unparalleled to the dumb instruction.By teaching is meant the presentation of an item once, regular(prenominal)ly using communicatory clues to get across meanings. examen follows outright and cleverness better be termed elicitation and constitution of disciple production, which, again, is through in as placid a way as possible. Finally, the teacher taciturnly observes learners interactions with each other and whitethorn even up so leave the room era learners repugn with their impudently linguistic tools and pay their ogdens. For the most part, soundless Way teachers manuals are unprocurable (however, see Arnold 1981), and teachers are trus devilrthy for designing teaching ranges and creating individual lessons and lesson elements. Gattegno emphasizes the splendour of teacher-defined learning goals that are clear and attainable. eon and quantify in understood Way classes are more measurable than in many kinds of la nguage teaching classes, and the teachers sensitiveness and management of them is noviceal.to a greater extent generally, the teacher is trustworthy for creating an environment that encourages scholarly person stake winning and that facilitates learning. This is not to say that the still Way teacher becomes one of the group. In fact, observers bedevil noted that still Way teachers often progress aloof or even crustlike with their schoolchilds. The teachers role is one of neutral observer, neither elated by correct cognitive process nor demoralised by error. Students are expect to come to see confirming but emotionally uninvolved.The teacher uses gestures, charts, and manipulates in order to elicit and shape disciple repartees and so must be both silverish and creative as a mummer and puppeteer. In sum, the tranquil way teacher, like the bang dramatist, writes the script, chooses the props, sets the mood, models the action, designates the players, and is critic for the performance. The role of instructional materialsThe unplumbed Way is perhaps as well cognize for the unique temper of its teaching materials as for the silence of its teachers. The materials consist in the first place of a set of colored rods, coded-coded pronunciation and dictionary groin charts, a cursor, and interlingual rendition/ paternity exercises, all of which are use to expand the relationships amid sound and meaning in the betoken language. The materials are designed for handling by the bookmans as well as by the teacher, on an individual basis and cooperatively, in promoting language learning by direct association. The number of languages and collar tokens in the sign language for all of the vowel and harmonical sounds of the language. The figures are colour coded correspond to pronunciation thus, if a language possesses two different signs for the said(prenominal) sound, they give be drear alike. Classes often experience by using Fidel c harts in the native language, colour coded in an homogeneous manner, so that scholars learn to pair off a sound with its associated colour. in that location whitethorn be from one to octet of such charts, depending upon the language. The teacher uses the arrow to picture a sound sign for the disciples to produce. Where native-language Fidels are utilize, the teacher leave behind point to a attribute on one chart and therefore to its one-dimensional on the Fidel in the other language. In the absence of native-language charts, or when introducing a sound not present in the native language, the teacher allow for give one clear, sounding model aft(prenominal) indicating the graceful Fidel symbol in the object lens language. The charts are hung on the smother and serve to attend in remembering pronunciation and in twist new speech communication by sounding out sequences of symbols as they are pointed to by the teacher or student. proficient as the Fidel charts are utilise to ocularly deck pronunciation, the drear cuisenaire rods are utilise to now link wrangling and organises with their meanings in the target language, thereby avoiding rendition into the native language. The rods turn in space from one to ten centimetres, and each length has a limited colour. The rods may be utilise for engagement act upon, for size comparisons, to represent people build flooring plans, organize a highway map, and so on. enjoyment of the rods is think to promote inventiveness, creativity, and quest in forming communicative remarks on the part of the students, as they move from easy to more complex structures. Gattegno and his proponents believe that the range of structures that crumb be lucubrated and learned through ingenious use of the rods is as countless as the homophile imagination. When the teacher or student has clog expressing a want word or concept, the rods send packing be hang oned by referring to the Fidel charts, o r to the terce major(ip) visual attention employ in the dense Way, the vocabulary charts. The vocabulary or word charts are as well as colour coded, although the colorize of the symbols ordain not correspond to the phonetics of the Fidels, but earlier to abstract groupings of address. on that point are typically twelve such charts containing five hundred to 800 language in the native language and script. These lyric are selected according to their ease of natural covering in teaching, their sexual intercourse place in the functional or luxury vocabulary, their flexibility in terms of generalization and use with other language, and their grandeur in illustrating set uponic grammatical structures. The inwardness of word charts go away take leave from language to language, but the general content of the vocabulary charts (Gattegno 1972) is paraphrased at a lower place chart 1 the word rod, colours of the rods, plural markers, truthful imperative verbs, persona l pronouns, some adjectives and question wranglegraphs 2, 3 remain pronouns, words for here and there, of, for, and relieve oneselfgraph 4 numbersCharts 5, 6 words illustrating size, space, and blase relationships, as well as some concepts intemperate to illustrate with rods, such as order, causality, condition, coincidence and devianceChart 7 words that qualify, such as adverbsCharts 8, 9 verbs, with pagan references where possibleChart 10 family relationships Charts 11, 12 words expressing time, schedule elements, seasons, days, week, month,year, etc. other(prenominal) materials that may be employ admit books and worksheets for practicing reading and writing skills, picture books, tapes videotapes, films, and other visual aids. see and writing are sometimes taught from the base and students are disposed assignments to do outback(a) the classroom at their own pace. These materials are of secondary winding importance, and are use to supplement the classroom use of ro ds and charts. extract and carrying out depends upon need as assessed by teachers and/or students. mathematical processA tongueless way lesson typically follows a ideal format. The first part of the lesson focuses on pronunciation. Depending on student level, the class might work on sounds, phrases, or even sentences designated on the Fidel chart. At the starting signal stage, the teacher result model the separate sound later on pointing to a symbol on the chart. Later, the teacher depart taciturnly point to individual symbols and combinations of symbols, and on monitor student voxs. The teacher may say a word and arrest a student cypher what sequence of symbols compromised the word.The pointer is used to tell stress, phrasing, and intonation. tensity can be shown by affecting certain(a) symbol more forcibly than others when pointing out a word. transition and phrasing can be demonstrated by tapping on the chart to the meter of the phonation. later practice with the sounds of the language, sentence patterns, structure, and vocabulary are practiced. The teacher models an utterance part creating a visual realization of it with the moody rods. later on fashion model the utterance, the teacher allow get to a student examine to produce the utterance and testament indicate its acceptability. If a answer is incorrect, the teacher get out attempt to shape the utterance or retain another(prenominal) student present the correct model. aft(prenominal) a structure is introduced and understood, the teacher leave create a situation in which the students can practice the structure through the usage of the rods. Variations on the structural theme testament be raise from the class using the rods and charts.The pattern lesson that follows illustrates a typical lesson format. The language being taught is Thai, for which this is the first lesson.1. instructor empties rods onto the table. .2. teacher picks up two or triad rods of different c olours, and afterward each rod is picked up says mai.3. instructor holds up one rod of any colour and indicates to a student that a retort is required. Student says mai. If response is incorrect, teacher elicits response from another student, who wherefore models for the first student.4. instructor abutting picks up a red rod and says mai sti daeng.5. instructor picks up a kelvin rod and says mai sii khiawj.6. instructor picks up either a red or green rod and elicits response from student, If response is incorrect, procedure in step 3 is followed (student modeling).7. teacher introduces two or 3 other colors in the same manner.8. teacher shows any of the rods whose forms were taught previously and elicits student response. subject technique is through student modeling, or the teacher may wait on student impound error and self-correct.9. When ascendancy is achieved, teacher puts one red rod in champaign view and says mai sii daeng nung an.10. teacher then puts two red rods in plain view and says mai sii daeng tenor an.11. instructor places two green rods in view and says mai sii khiaw striving an12. teacher holds up two rods of a different color and elicits student response.13. instructor introduces additive numbers, ground on what the class can easily retain. otherwise colors might too be introduced.14. Rods are put in a pile. teacher indicates, through his or her own actions, that rods should be picked up, and the correct utterance made. whole die students in the group pick up rods and make correction is encouraged.15. teacher then says kep mai sii daeng